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Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid reveals the evolution and development of the digestive system in echinoderms

Imran A. Rahman, Johnny A. Waters, Colin D. Sumrall, Alberto Astolfo
Published 28 October 2015.DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0776
Imran A. Rahman
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Johnny A. Waters
Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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Colin D. Sumrall
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Alberto Astolfo
Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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    Figure 1.

    Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid (NIGP 163236). (a,b,d) Scanning electron microscope images, (c,e) digital reconstructions, (f) slice image. (a) Angled upper view, (b) angled upper view, plates given false colour, (c) angled upper view, theca partly transparent, (d) lateral view, (e) lateral view, theca partly transparent and (f) transverse section. A–E, ambulacra; an, anus; bf, brachiole facets; bp, basal plate; dp, deltoid plates; fg, food groove; gl, growth lines; hd, hypodeltoid; mo, mouth; rp, radial plate; sp, stereom pores; ts, tubular structure. Colours: cyan, radial plates; green, brachiole facets; red, deltoid plates. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. (Online version in colour.)

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    Figure 2.

    Phylogeny of extant and extinct echinoderms and hemichordates with reconstructions of the digestive systems (shown in blue). an, anus; mo, mouth. (Online version in colour.)

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October 2015
Volume 11
, issue 10
Biology Letters: 11 (10)
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Keywords

echinoderms
blastoids
evolution
development
synchrotron tomography
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Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid reveals the evolution and development of the digestive system in echinoderms
Imran A. Rahman, Johnny A. Waters, Colin D. Sumrall, Alberto Astolfo
Biol. Lett. 2015 11 20150776; DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0776. Published 28 October 2015
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Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid reveals the evolution and development of the digestive system in echinoderms

Imran A. Rahman, Johnny A. Waters, Colin D. Sumrall, Alberto Astolfo
Biol. Lett. 2015 11 20150776; DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0776. Published 28 October 2015

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